Learning styles which one works for you

Everyone sees data distinctively and henceforth their taking in strategies change from one another. Some may appreciate learning in a gathering setting while the others may learn better in disconnection. Some may just process each action in turn while another individual may lean toward performing multiple tasks. Main concern, there are numerous prospects related with the learning procedure. Learning style is basically the strategy that an individual uses to hold data. Review the abilities of the individuals in your group they are various in nature and utilize various strategies to learn. Did you ever understand that the method utilized by your companion didn’t function admirably for you? That’s basically in light of the fact that you and your companion are discrete people. There are different learning styles utilized by the understudies far and wide. A portion of the regular learning styles are recorded beneath: Visual Learning: This is the learning strategy that uses m aps, graphs or hues to translate the current information. The understudies that utilization this learning procedure are profoundly inventive and have vivid creative mind. Be that as it may, these understudies face trouble in removing implications out of mediums that need glitz. You can defeat this issue by supplanting the content with pictures and by using visual procedures to the best of utilization. Verbal Learning: This learning strategy is used by people that appreciate data through words. These understudies are acceptable at perusing and composing aptitudes; they additionally appreciate exercises of such nature, for example, the tongue twisters or the word puzzles. The individuals that benefiters from this methodology are known to be acceptable conversationalists and since their composing game is solid they can pen ventures like proficient task composing administrations UK with no trouble.  Intrapersonal Learning: The individuals that utilization this strategy are fundamenta lly open to learning alone or, more than likely they can’t concentrate appropriately towards the substance, they are attempting to examine. To accomplish this target they shut out all interruptions, which may incorporate their companions as well. The advantages of this method are regular pioneers and the administration occupations are their strong point. Community oriented Learning: Conversely to a singular student, the students by means of this procedure hold data by communicating with others. These individuals concentrate well in bunch settings. These individuals are social and they can perform best at occupations that expect them to speak with others. Sensation Learning: This procedure is tied in with learning substance close by some other physical action. The individuals that utilization this procedure are continually moving or accomplishing something with their hands. These individuals have an eye on the current conditions and they are too involved to even think about wo rrying about the past or future-consider it a gift. You may have seen a brief look at yourself in one of these learning styles referenced and you may have seen the impression of your companion in another. It is crucial that you realize your qualities to clean them further by utilizing the significant learning technique. The learning technique picked by you talk a great deal about you as an individual, give close consideration to such detail and pick a calling that can take into account your determination.

Sir Robert Peel Paper Essays

Sir Robert Peel Paper Essays Sir Robert Peel Paper Essay Sir Robert Peel Paper Essay Article Topic: Guards The activity of a cop is troublesome, it has advanced from only a standard individual with no experience and no uniform that kept watch of live stock by strolling around evening time with fire lights to a person that should have the option to work under tension watching the lanes of our networks in garbs with a checked vehicle and also to get pay for their administrations. Police has developed additional time; in this paper I will portray the effect of Sir Robert Peel on the advancement of policing and its history. Sir Robert Peel Paper Sir Robert Peel (1788-1850) refreshed Englands criminal code. He set up the primary present day police power in London, whose individuals were nicknamed after him bobbies. Sir Robert Peel needed a police power that would give residents â€Å"the full and complete security of the law†andâ€Å"check the expansion of wrongdoing. † Sir Robert Peel pushed through the enactment a demonstration called the Metropolitan Police Act of 1829, along these lines ready to achieve his fantasy about making a police power. Under the term of the Metropolitan Act of 1829 the London Metropolitan Police was shaped, it was one thousand individuals solid and all individuals were handily perceived because of their garbs that included blue covers and top caps. Sir Robert Peel’s â€Å"bobbies† had four explicit working methods of reasoning; the first was to lessen strain and struggle between law implementation officials and the general population, the subsequent one was to utilize peacefulness implies in keeping the harmony, along these lines the bobbies didn't convey guns, the third one was to ease the military from specific obligations, for example, controlling urban savagery, and the fourth one was to be decided on the nonappearance of wrongdoing as opposed to through high-perceivability of police activities. The out happen to this was fruitful to such an extent that it was before long executed in littler towns in England and the United States there after. Observing the American Revolution law requirement about duplicated the English framework. Constables, night gatekeepers, and sheriffs were selected; the job of the sheriff wasâ law implementation and the dread of crooks, serving warrants and summons and keeping up the nearby correctional facilities. The sheriff’s obligations reached out past law implementation and it included gathering charges and observing the arrangement of cows marking. American metropolitan regions started to frame responsive watch units. In 1833, Philadelphia turned into the primary city to utilize both day and night gatekeeper, following that and working from Sir Robert Peel’s model, Boston framed the principal sorted out police office, comprising o six full-time officials. As the historical backdrop of police advanced in the United States you can separated police history into 3 distinct ears. Kelling and Moore (1991) portrays the times as, one; the Political Era, two; the Reform Era, and three; the Community Era. During the Political Era (1840-1930) many cops considered their to be as chances to make additional pay. Pay off was normal; a cop would demand â€Å"favors† which went into the cops pockets or into the coffers of the nearby ideological group as commitments. The Political Era likewise observed cops playing a functioning job in offering social types of assistance for their bosses’. † (1) Politicians acknowledged they can pull in more votes by offering social administrations to res idents than by capturing them. In 1929 President Herbert Hoover selected the national Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement to evaluate the American criminal equity framework. The Wickersham Commission was made and was named after its administrator, George Wickersham. The commission concentrated on two zones of American policing that needed change: one; police fierceness and two; the undermining impact of governmental issues. This was the point at which the Reform Era appeared. As per the commission â€Å"the change should come to fruition through higher work force measures, unified police organizations, and the expanded utilization of technology† (2) During the Reform Era, police boss assumed greater responsibility for their areas of expertise, adding midlevel positions to the power. Police boss additionally attempted to fortify their capacity by bringing bigger regions of a city under their influence; this would not permit negative impacts from government officials or neighborhoods. At long last, the Community Era where we are at present in; the Omnibus Crime Control Act assumes a significant job, under this demonstration the national government furnishes state and nearby police divisions with assets to make police-network programs. A case of a program is official well disposed referral tasks, this program urge residents to go to the police with their wrongdoing concerns. The essential capacity of the police is to keep on controlling wrongdoing while at the same time giving a more extensive scope of social administrations a portion of the strategies they us can incorporate foot watch or advertising, this will permit the official to collaborate with the network. In this way, to days police duties incorporate, one; to implement laws, two; to offer support, three; to forestall wrongdoing, and four; to save the harmony. Reference Law Enforcement in the 21st Century, Second Edition, by Heath B. Award and Karen J. Terry. Section 2 1) Mark H. Haller, â€Å"Chicago Cops, 1890-1925,† in Thinking about Police, ed. Carl Klockars and Stephen Mastrofski (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990),90. 2) William J. Bopp and Donald O. Shultz, A Short History of American Law Enforcement (Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas, 1977), 109-110. Nice employment on the paper and you secured the entirety of the focuses with greatness. Full credit of 5 focuses. On your references, don't number them, simply put in order request.

Essay Outlining 101

Essay Outlining 101 Essay Outlining 101 Essay Outlining 101 Writing an outline before writing an essay is a crucial step in the writing process, and yet many people skip this stage and dive right into writing. It’s all too easy to say that writing an essay outline would take too long, or that you already know what you’re writing about, so why write it twice? The truth is that writing a concrete outline is an essential stepping-stone to writing a solid essay, and there’s really no excuse not to. Not only can writing an outline for your essay help you gather your information and organize it logically, it can also help fight writer’s block. Having a logical, ordered set of notes to refer to as you work through the writing process will give you direction and focus when you start to lose motivation. The Inside Higher Ed blog recently posted about SMART writing plans (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound), and how following such a plan can elevate your writing and keep you on track for success. It even cited a study that said writers who adhere to a plan and schedule could produce three pages for every one page than a more spontaneous writer could put out, in the same amount of time. It seems that having an essay outline is not just logical, but it actually helps with writing faster. So now that we know why we need an essay outline, where do we start? No matter the length of your essay, the required topic, or even your level of interest in the subject, there is a basic structure that can be applied to all essays, which helps form the bones of any essay outline. Start with your topic and thesis statement and go from there. Below is an easy outline template that can be expanded to suit any essay: Introduction Topic: State the subject of your paper. Thesis Statement (Introductory): State your position on the topic. Paragraph 1 Argument: Assign a purposeâ€"an argumentâ€"to each paragraph in your essay. Supporting Documentation/Source: Back up each of your arguments with research. Paragraph 2 Argument: Supporting Documentation/Source: Paragraph 3 Argument: Supporting Documentation/Source: […] and so on, depending on the length of your paper. *Note: if your paper is long, you may have two-three paragraphs per argument, and that’s perfectly fine. Thesis Statement (Closing): Reiterate your thesis statement and summarize your arguments. By taking the time to write a logical, concise outline for your essay, you’ll be able to start writing, and keep writing until you’re finished. You won’t have to stop to check your research or make sure that your arguments line up in a logical and smooth manner. Though writing an outline might take a bit of extra time at the beginning, it will make the writing process fly by much quicker. Not only that, but it will give substance and direction to your writing. And if you get stuck, we can help with custom essay outlines and 1-on-1 essay help sessions. Send us an email to find out more! By Ceilidh Marlow References: McCollum, Lesley. (2015, January 13) Create SMART Writing Plans Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved August 24th, 2015 from create-smart-writing-plans Essay Outlining 101 Essay Outlining 101 Essay Outlining 101 Writing an outline before writing an essay is a crucial step in the writing process, and yet many people skip this stage and dive right into writing. It’s all too easy to say that writing an essay outline would take too long, or that you already know what you’re writing about, so why write it twice? The truth is that writing a concrete outline is an essential stepping-stone to writing a solid essay, and there’s really no excuse not to. Not only can writing an outline for your essay help you gather your information and organize it logically, it can also help fight writer’s block. Having a logical, ordered set of notes to refer to as you work through the writing process will give you direction and focus when you start to lose motivation. The Inside Higher Ed blog recently posted about SMART writing plans (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound), and how following such a plan can elevate your writing and keep you on track for success. It even cited a study that said writers who adhere to a plan and schedule could produce three pages for every one page than a more spontaneous writer could put out, in the same amount of time. It seems that having an essay outline is not just logical, but it actually helps with writing faster. So now that we know why we need an essay outline, where do we start? No matter the length of your essay, the required topic, or even your level of interest in the subject, there is a basic structure that can be applied to all essays, which helps form the bones of any essay outline. Start with your topic and thesis statement and go from there. Below is an easy outline template that can be expanded to suit any essay: Introduction Topic: State the subject of your paper. Thesis Statement (Introductory): State your position on the topic. Paragraph 1 Argument: Assign a purposeâ€"an argumentâ€"to each paragraph in your essay. Supporting Documentation/Source: Back up each of your arguments with research. Paragraph 2 Argument: Supporting Documentation/Source: Paragraph 3 Argument: Supporting Documentation/Source: […] and so on, depending on the length of your paper. *Note: if your paper is long, you may have two-three paragraphs per argument, and that’s perfectly fine. Thesis Statement (Closing): Reiterate your thesis statement and summarize your arguments. By taking the time to write a logical, concise outline for your essay, you’ll be able to start writing, and keep writing until you’re finished. You won’t have to stop to check your research or make sure that your arguments line up in a logical and smooth manner. Though writing an outline might take a bit of extra time at the beginning, it will make the writing process fly by much quicker. Not only that, but it will give substance and direction to your writing. And if you get stuck, we can help with custom essay outlines and 1-on-1 essay help sessions. Send us an email to find out more! By Ceilidh Marlow References: McCollum, Lesley. (2015, January 13) Create SMART Writing Plans Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved August 24th, 2015 from create-smart-writing-plans

Classical Conditioning - 1740 Words

Classical Conditioning PSYCH/550 July 9, 2012 Dr. Ming Zheng Classical Conditioning Introduction Concept of Classical Conditioning and Factors that Affect Classical Conditioning Classical conditioning is learning which has been acquired by experience (Terry, 2009). Pavlov was the first one to experiment classical conditioning by training dogs how to salivate when they heard a bell ring. In order for Pavlov to be able to do this, the first step was to show the dogs food. The showing of food would cause the dogs to salivate. Afterward, Pavlov would ring a bell whenever he brought food out. The experimenter continued to this many times. Eventually, by the time the†¦show more content†¦An example of generalization is a bag of flour. Flour is used to make cakes so a generalized response is to buy any bag of flour because they all are used for the intended purpose. Discrimination Discrimination is the phenomena where there is a crossing of the response level to stimuli. Conditioned stimulus one is followed by an unconditioned stimulus. Conditioned stimulus two is followed by a random unconditioned stimulus. The effect of discrimination is that a conditioned response will respond to the first conditioned stimulus but not to the second conditioned stimulus (McSweeny Bierly, 1984). The ability to distinguish between the two stimuli is discrimination. An example of discrimination is if a car is advertised with a bonus package followed by the same car advertised without the bonus package. The conditioned response is to the car with the bonus package. The Role of Awareness in Classical Conditioning Does awareness play a role in classical conditioning? This question has been the source of much debate, and there seems to be no clear consensus. Types of Awareness In order to properly understand the conflicting views, it is important to first clarify what awareness means in the context of classical conditioning. There are two basic types of awareness, external awareness and self awareness (Gorn, Jacobs, Mana, 1987). External awareness. In a situation of classical conditioning, one form of externalShow MoreRelatedClassical Conditioning1770 Words   |  8 PagesClassical Conditioning Paper Psychology of Learning-PSYCH/550 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine and discuss classical conditioning. Much of the material has been covered in class discussion questions based on classical conditioning, allowing for a greater insight from the group of students providing the research of what classical conditioning is. Classical conditioning is defined as, â€Å"A process of behavior modification by which a subject comes to respondRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning1693 Words   |  7 Pagesexamples of their work, as well as an exploration into the advantages and disadvantages that some of these approaches possess. Behaviourism is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviours are attained through conditioning. Behaviourists believe conditioning occurs when we interact with the environment and that the environment we are in determines the way we respond to a stimulus. The behaviourist approach believes we learn behaviours through association between response and consequenceRead MoreClassical Conditioning And Pavlovian Conditioning854 Words   |  4 Pagesof digestion, by accident he discovered what is now known as classical conditioning or Pavlovian conditioning (Wood, Wood, and Boyd 137). Classical conditioning is â€Å"a type of learning through which an organism learns to associate one stimulus with another† (Wood, Wood, and Boyd 137). Learning implies that there is at least a semi-permanent change, this change could be demonstrated through behavior for example. In classical conditioning two stimuli are paired together multiple times. A stimulus isRead MoreClassical Vs. Classical Conditioning1095 Words   |  5 PagesClassical Conditioning In this paper, Classical Conditioning is explored by first giving a general definition along with the general phases of basic classical conditioning. Then, more insight is given about the developers of this learning process and their experiments: Ivan Pavlov and his dog experiment and John B. Watson and Little Albert experiment. Finally, real-world applications of this learning process are introduced such as how to treat phobias, addictions and achieve good classroom behaviorRead MoreClassical Vs. Classical Conditioning890 Words   |  4 PagesClassical Conditioning Experiment Classical conditioning is an unconditioned stimulus which results to an unconditioned response, although bringing a neutral stimulus in the picture does not affect the unconditioned response. The only way you can turn a neutral stimulus into a conditioned stimulus is if you train an individual or animal with a frequent but similar technique. The results will be the similarity of the unconditioned response and the conditioned response. We as humans may not noticeRead MoreBehaviorism And Classical Conditioning And Operant Conditioning Essay1504 Words   |  7 Pagesfounders of the theory who are John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner. However, the information will focus more on their early education and known achievements. Furthermore, you will find different theories regarding behaviorism such as classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In order to understand the difference and similarities between the two of them examples have been provided. To fully comprehend in what Behaviori sm consists of, modern applications examples of the theory have been also includedRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1360 Words   |  6 PagesIs it possible to rouse fear from a stimulus that at first caused no such response? Classical conditioning is a type of learning where a response is produced from combining a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus to produce an unconditioned response. Ivan Pavlov did a famous study, pairing the sound of a bell with food to produce salivation. After a while, just the sound alone would produce salivation. â€Å"Little Albert†, an infant that belonged to a wet nurse at the Harriet Lane HomeRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1129 Words   |  5 PagesIn this assignment I will be looking at the Behaviourist perspective with Ivan Pavlov’s (1902) theory about classical conditioning. I will be discussing how I have used human development and learning perspectives in my placement to support young people in their personal and social development with providing a case study about them. I will be writing about how the theory demonstrates effective youth and community work practice including the five pillars of youth work. Behaviourists look at behaviourRead MoreThe Theory Of Classical Conditioning1419 Words   |  6 PagesClassical conditioning was first observed and developed by a Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov who lived from (1927-1960). The concept of classical conditioning is widely considered to be the most fundamental form of learning. Even before Ivan Pavlov named the process of conditioning, his work was considered ahead of his time (Feeser, 2002, p. 24). In fact, Pavlov was presented the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Nero Medicine for his research on the digestion system of dogs (Feeser, 2002, p. 24).Read MoreClassical Conditioning Paper1235 Words   |  5 PagesClassical Conditioning Paper Lakeshia Jackson Psy 390 August 1, 2011 Gary Burk Classical Conditioning Paper Although classical conditioning is something that most people experience in a daily basis, it may also be the first thing someone remembers in a day. According to Olson and Hergenhahn (2009) classical conditioning is defined as a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to elicit a response after being paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response. In

Sex Education in Schools Abstinence-Only Programs Essay

Sex Education in Schools: Abstinence-Only Programs Teenage sexual activity is a major problem confronting the nation and has led to a rising incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and teenage pregnancy. The existence of HIV/AIDS has given a sense of urgency to the topic of sex education. The issue of sex education in schools especially in the formative years has been a subject of intense debate among parents, school officials, health scientists and religious authorities worldwide for a considerable period of time. The debate centers on comprehensive sex education versus abstinence-only sex education in school. Abstinence only sex education is a sex education model that focuses on the virtue of abstinence from sexual†¦show more content†¦Abstinence only program is the only approach that can contain the spread of HIV/AIDS, that instill moral values by discouraging fornication, that discourages the use of birth controls like condoms and that is widely accepted by parents. Why is abstinence only sex education t he best? In this era of HIV/AIDS, this is the best program that can be used to contain the spread of this menace (Deborah 5). In July 2005, a report from the Population Research Institute’s Weekly Briefing confirms the effectiveness of abstinence only program in combating AIDS in the Philippines: And the bill mandating the two-child policy includes sex education for Filipino children, even though abstinence-based efforts in the Philippines have been remarkably effective in containing the spread of AIDS†¦. The Filipino abstinence-based approach†¦has kept the Philippines relatively free of HIV infection. The adult HIV infection rate was a mere 0.1% in 2001, though the Philippines have a low condom use rate. Even Arroyo [the governor] ascribed this success to â€Å"good morality.† Yet results dont matter: The bill adopts the comprehensive sex approach that has failed everywhere (Miller). The same abstinence only model has worked in East African country of Uganda where evident drop in rates of HIV infection have been achieved. Uganda leads in Africa when it comes to infection rates, having dropped from 18% to 6% due to the consistentShow MoreRelatedShould Sex Education Be Mandatory?1364 Words   |  6 Pagesdebate whether young adults should receive sex education in their school curriculum. Statistics show that one-third of girls become pregnant before the age of 20. An increase in teen pregnancy could be due to the age of which females reach puberty. Today, there has been an enormous increase in young girls reaching puberty before the age of seven. Could encouraging sex education in schools decrease the amount of pregnant teens? The purpose of sex education is to educate adolescents of the consequencesRead MoreAbstinence Only Programs For Public Schools1383 Words   |  6 Pagesadvocatesforyouth.org, â€Å"abstinence only education teaches students to abstain from sex prior to marriage.† These program has been proven to be ineffective. Abstinence only education is ineffective because it is not conducive in reducing teen pregnancy rates and sexually transmitted diseases rates. Abstinence only programs are less likely to teach students about birth control and contraception and how to access it. These programs ha s not been shown to reduce teen sexual activity. Abstinence only programs became moreRead MoreComprehensive, the Right Approach to Sex Education989 Words   |  4 PagesComprehensive, the Right Approach to Sex Education Since the first sex education video, Human Growth was shown in public schools in the 1940s, sex education in school has remained a controversial subject (Bellafante 9.1). In the present however, it is no longer disputed whether or not sex-ed should be taught, but what should be taught in a sex education program. Conservatives and Liberals both agree that sex education in public schools is important but, their views on what should be taughtRead MoreAbstinence-only vs. Abstinence-plus1607 Words   |  7 Pagesare many problems facing teenagers these days. None are bigger than the issue of underage sex, and all the issues stemming from it. The number of teenagers becoming sexually active, pregnant, and contracting sexually transmitted diseases are rapidly on the rise. There is no simple fix, or easy solution to this problem. Sex education should begin at home, and extend to include an effective program in schools that reinforce a clear message of abstaining from sexual activity in addition to informingRead MoreThe Reality Of Abstinence Versus Sex Education1224 Words   |  5 Pages10 April 2017 The Reality of Abstinence Versus Sex Education Do you ever stop to wonder what goes through a teen’s mind? Maybe it s the late paper that wasn t turned in for English or the worry of coming home after school to family members being high as a kite, maybe it s the plans for their significant other later on or the so called special night they have planned together. Whether it be one of the topics mentioned or some far off random thought either way sex will be on a teen’s mind at someRead More Sex Education Essay1112 Words   |  5 PagesSex Education Two drastic Emergency Room cases were handled in 1998 at Mary Washington Hospital. Concerned mothers brought their 12 year old daughters into the hospital thinking they were suffering from severe stomach pain or even appendicitis†¦both girls were actually in labor (Abstinence, 2002). The United States has the highest teen pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates in the Western world (Planned Parenthood, 2003). Are teens getting enough knowledge on sex and how to prevent STDs and unwantedRead MoreTeenage Pregnancies And Std Contraction1342 Words   |  6 Pagesin rates of teenage pregnancies and STD contraction. What is it about the US and its approach to sexual education that produces such numbers amongst its youth? The prevailing sexuality education system in the US is abstinence-only sex education programs. Abstinence-only-until-marriage education in schools is highly destructive to its students in multiple ways. Abstinence-only sexuality education does more harm to students than good, and is shown to have adverse effects on its students. The CDC YouthRead MoreSex Education And Sexual Education Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesalways affected the essence and teaching of sex education in the United States in different ways. Various sexual education methods exits, however comprehensive and abstinence-only programs are the most commonly know in public schools. Although many schools in the United States prefer to give an abstinence-only lecture, the results shown proof that these programs are ineffective because it simply does not fit the reality we live in, comprehensive sex education works better, and they do not offer honestRead More Education Is Key: A Comprehensive Approach to Sex Education Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesSex education is about informing students about sex so that they can make educated decisions when the time comes to have sex. Sex education helps students protect themselve s from unintended pregnancies, STDs, and HIV/AIDS. Students should leave a sex education course with the right tools so they make informed decisions about their sexual health and well-being. The goal of sex education is to provide a student with as much information as possible so that they can use the skills they learned inRead MoreSex Education And The Early 19th Century1204 Words   |  5 PagesSex education is instruction on issues relating to human sexuality, including emotional relations and responsibilities, human sexual anatomy, sexual activity, sexual reproduction, age of consent, reproductive health, reproductive rights, safe sex, birth control, and abstinence. Sex education that covers all of these aspects is known as comprehensive sex education as opposed to the abstinence only education that only promotes abstinence. Common avenues for sex education are parents or caregivers,

General Motors Corp vs. Ford Corp Free Essays

Ford Corp. General motors (MM) and Ford are two of the leading manufacturing companies of trucks that I know of. In saying, both have their strengths and differences in areas such as quality of parts, driver comfort, fuel economy, and engine selection. We will write a custom essay sample on General Motors Corp vs. Ford Corp or any similar topic only for you Order Now When these companies put together their trucks, it is taken into great detail for these two companies to make their product better than their competitor. GM designs more detail and reliable trucks than ford can produce. For instance, Ford only offers three engine options that they will put in their trucks. They have a 4. 2 Liter IV, a 4. 6 Liter Triton IV, and their biggest engine in light duty trucks is the 5. 4 Liter Triton IV. Although these engines produce decent horsepower and torque, GM has six engine options with higher ratings. The first three engine selections GM has are the 4. 3 Liter IV, 4. 8 Liter IV, and 5. 3 Liter. They also have two other selections offered are the 5. 3 Liter IV and their biggest engine in light duty trucks the Vortex 6. 0 Liter IV. Both engines offer the best technology known as the active fuel management system, which shuts off four of the eight cylinders when power is not needed. Last but not least, GM also has a 6. 2 Liter IV which is limited to certain trucks or packages. Not many trucks get very good fuel mileage. Ford is one manufacturer that offers fuel efficient motors, but their bigger engines tend to drink a little too much gas. For example, their smallest engine gets 16 MPEG in the city and 21 MPEG on the highway. Their largest engine in a light duty truck gets 14 MPEG in the city and 18 MPEG on the highway. On the other hand, GSM’ smallest engine averages 17 MPEG in the city and 1 MPEG on the highway, and with a much bigger engine and higher power output than the Ford 5. 4 liter, averages 15 MPEG in the city and 19 MPEG on the highway. Trucks are not the easiest vehicles to drive or operate, which is why driver comfort is a need to a great truck. Ford and GM offer a number of conveniences to consumers’ and making the drivers experience more enjoyable and relaxing. Some options offered by Ford are back up sensors, side mirrors with turn lights inside, heated seats, adjustable pedals, and controls on the steering wheel. GM offers their consumers heated side mirrors with turn signals inside the mirror and an auto dim eater, and park assisting with LED lights which allow you to see, as well as hear how close the rear of the vehicle is to any object. GM also offers dual memory and heated seats, adjustable pedals, rain sense wipers which turn on automatically, remote start, a cargo management system which allows consumers to attach toolboxes and equipment to rails installed of in the bed, and On Star turn by turn navigation, two different dashboards, side impact air bags, and the standard stability system. No one wants to hear the noise of the road or the vehicle. This is why both Ford and GM have used higher quality materials with sound deadening treatment in their newer model trucks. This helps eliminate road and wind noise as well as the possibility of future squeaking or rattling. Creating more gaps within the design of the truck will also eliminate such sounds. The more interior accessories available on a truck the more people are interested in the trucks. Climate controls which allow both to have different temperatures, adjustable pedals, heated windshield dashboards, side impact air bags, and the standard stability system. In reference to all of the great options that both companies provide, I have and will always be a reheard GM believer. I have credibility to talk about both being as how I have been a mechanic on both for several years. In the facts provided GM provides so much more in driver comfort which alone should be enough to convince a person in choosing GM. In conclusion, both GM and Ford manufacture great trucks. Giving consumers a number of options of available perpetration and interior options make the two different. The key to having the best truck isn’t to offer Just a number of available options but, to offer them all with reliability trucks. How to cite General Motors Corp vs. Ford Corp, Papers

The Consumer Laws in Australian

Questions: Paddy Periwinkle owns a prawn trawler, and has a licence to catch prawns which he obtained through the government department NT Fisheries. He pays his licence fee yearly, and was therefore allowed to catch prawns up to a specific quota. Paddy then sells the prawns to retailers throughout the Northern Territory and some to the southern fish-markets.In 2015 a new crew-member joined: Ashely Adams. Ashley was an experienced fisherman and deckhand, as he has been working in the industry for 30 years. He was always looking to make a quick buck.Ashley told Paddy that, as part of their by-catch (the marine-life caught in the nets by accident), if they caught any dugongs he had a friend he could sell them to. Ashley said he could sell one for $1,000, and he would give Paddy $400. Paddy knew dugongs were a protected species, but given that they would be dead by the time they were pulled up in the nets, he decided to make the deal. 5 dugongs were pulled up in a 3-week period. While at sea, the main freezer on the trawler started malfunctioning, compromising all the frozen prawns. Paddy took the trawler back to the coastal town of Nhulunbuy, and sold the prawns he had. Ashley took the 5 dugongs away, and then Paddy had a mechanic look at the freezer. Billy Bob (the mechanic) said it was the compressor, and the trawler needed a new one. Paddy bought a new compressor ($2,000) and had it installed ($1,500), and re-gassed ($1,500). He was in port for a week, losing approximately $10,000 in profit. A week later at sea, the freezer malfunctioned again, so Paddy returned.Paddy got Arthur, a new mechanic, to look at it more closely. It was not the compressor, but a faulty valve that was letting the gas escape. The repair cost was $200. In two hours they were back at sea, and the freezer is working perfectly.1. Can Paddy make a claim against Billy Bob for his monetary losses? Explain why or why not, referring to the cause of action and what the outcome is likely to be.2. Ashley gav e Paddy $1,000 for his share in the illegal dugong sales. Paddys maths tells him he was owed $2,000. Can Paddy make a claim against Ashley? Explain why or why not, referring to the cause of action and what the outcome is likely to be. Answers: 1. The consumer laws in Australian are dealt in accordance with the Australian Consumer laws that are governed by the Australian Commission and Consumer Commission (Turner and Trone, 2013). The given case is related to the repair made by the mechanic Billy Bob of the prawn trawler that belonged to Paddy Periwinkle. Before an analysis of the case it is necessary to examine in details the consumer laws in Australia relating to repairs, replacements and refunds. In accordance to the Australian Consumer Laws, every customer has the right to ask for any repairs, or any replacement or any kinds of refunds based on the consumer law guarantees for any products or any services that is bought on or later than 1st January 2011 (Carter, 2012). The law further states that with regard to the repairs there are two types of problems that is generally dealt with under the Australian Consumer laws (Turner and Trone, 2013). With regard to any product the problem faced by the consumer might be either a major problem or a minor problem. In case of ay minor problem with respect to any product or for that matter any services rendered, the business or the service provider shall provide the consumer with a free repair in place of any replacement or any refund. In the alternate case, where the problem is a major one regarding any product, the consumer has been given the right under the consumer laws to ask for a replacement or any refund (Carter, 2012). The consumer has the right to choose to receive any compensation for the reduction in value which is less than the price that has been paid or can opt for refund. Further under the Australian Contract laws, section 18 of the Australian Consumer Law states that in trade or commerce, no person shall mislead or intend to mislead or deceive another person (Gooley, Radan and Vickovich, 2007). This section relating to misleading conduct is different from misrepresentation under the common law in the area that misleading conduct includes most of the commercial activities and not only contracts and also has a range of remedies available that ranges from damages, contractual avoidance or variation. Hence in any commercial practice in Australia if there is any person who misleads another person that results in the suffering of loss by such person then compensation or damages can be claimed from him (Carter, 2012). In the given case, the facts state that Paddy Periwinkle, the owner of the prawn trawler, had some technical issues with the prawn trawler. When he took the trawler to the mechanic, Billy Bob, he stated that the compressor had to be changed. As a result of this suggestion from the mechanic, Paddy had the compressor changed, installed and re-gassed. The entire session cost him $5000. Since due to this reason he was unable to go to the port to catch prawns and he lost approximately $10,000 in profit. After the trawler was taken to the port, the freezer malfunctioned again and he had to bring in a new mechanic for repair. The new mechanic informed that the problem was not with the compressor but with a faulty valve. The repair took only two hours and the cost was approximately $200. This made the fact clear that the service advice that was given to Paddy by mechanic Billy Bob was totally irrelevant. Applying the provision of Australian Consumer laws in the given case, firstly it needs to be stated that by giving misleading advice to Paddy Billy Bob is liable in accordance with section 18 of the Australian Consumer laws (Australian contract law.com, 2015). The prawn trawler could have been repaired by simply repairing the faulty valve which led to the escape of the gas. But instead of advising the owner of the trawler to repair the valve, the first mechanic suggested the owner to change the compressor (Carter, 2006). As a result of this advice the owner was forced to purchase another compressor, install it and re-gas it. This led to the owner losing a huge amount of money and also did not actually repair the trawler. This is a case of misleading conduct and the mechanic Billy Bob is liable to compensate the owner due to the loss suffered by him. Further even according to the consumer laws, for any faulty repair the service provider is liable under the law to compensate for the loss suffered by the consumer. In accordance to the rules the consumer has the right to get refund from the service provider. Applying the rules to the given case the mechanic Billy Bob is liable even under the consumer laws to pay compensation (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2015). As concluding remarks, it can be stated that Paddy is entitled to receive monetary compensation from mechanic, Billy Bob, for the loss suffered by him as a result of the wrong or misleading advice relating to the trawler. The cause of action in this case would be firstly the right of consumers to demand refund or compensation for any faulty service provided. The compensation that is to be provided by Billy Bob will include the cost of the compressor, the installation charges, the charges for re-gas and will also include the losses suffered by him for not being able to go to the port for catching fish. This is because the loss was suffered primarily due to the fault of the mechanic. Hence Paddy can claim for a refund from Billy Bob for monetary compensation. 2. The issue in the given case is whether Paddy would be entitled to get compensation from Ashley for the sale of dugongs. In accordance to the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, additional protection is given to the turtles and dugongs which are considered to be a threatened migratory or marine species. There exist financial penalties for the offense of killing or harming any turtle or dugong and other various offenses and also welcomes civil penalty provisions. Another legislation that protects dugongs is the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975 provides that there is additional protection for the protected species under the GBRMP Act (Parsons and Bauer, 2012). Recent amendments were made to the Act and the GBRMP Act according to which additional protection should be provided to the dugong and turtle populations from the existing threats of illegal trade, poaching or illegal transformation (Parsons and Bauer, 2012). The financial penalties for various offenses and civil penalty has been given under the amendment provisions dealing with the dugongs and turtles. As a result of these amendments people will deter from committing offenses such as illegal trade or civil penalty breach that results from illegal killings, taking or injuring or trading or keeping or moving of turtles or dugongs (Parsons and Bauer, 2012). In the given case, the owner of the prawn trawler Paddy Periwinkle had agreed with Ashley Adams, another fisherman to enter into an oral contract for the sale of dugongs. Paddy Periwinkle was aware of the fact that dugongs were a protected species and sale of dugongs were illegal in the country. As has been given above the trade of dugongs is illegal under the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975 and Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Paddy still went ahead with the trade of dugongs. According to the contract laws in Australia any contract in relation to any criminal conduct or such conduct that is prohibited by the statute or any conduct that is contrary to the public policies shall be considered as unenforceable (Turner and Trone, 2013). In most cases it is easy to determine whether a contract is an illegal contract r not and whether it will be rendered void or not. Under the common law there is a huge range of laws that encompasses contracts that are illegal or contrary to public policy. This includes a wide range of conducts such as contracts that are harmful to the administration of justice, contracts which encourage corruption in public places, contracts that are restraining marriage status or sexual immorality or contracts that restrain trade. Hence the Australian contract does not enforce any such contract which is illegal or is contrary to public policy. Sometimes contracts can be made enforceable by removing the offending term from the contract. With regard to the given case, since the trade of dugongs were prohibited by the statutory laws of the country. As a result the contract between Paddy and Ashley cannot be enforced in a court of law. The said contract is void ab initio (Australian contract law.com, 2015). Hence, Paddy cannot claim for any compensation from Ashley as a result of the breach of the contract since it is unenforceable. Bibliography Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, (2015).Repair, replace, refund. [online] Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/consumers/consumer-rights-guarantees/repair-replace-refund [Accessed 9 Feb. 2015]. Australiancontractlaw.com, (2015).Australian Contract Law | Julie Clarke. [online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/avoidance-misleading.html [Accessed 9 Feb. 2015]. Carter, J. (2006).Carter's guide to Australian contract law. Chatswood, NSW: LexisNexis. Carter, J. (2012).Contract Law in Australia. Chatswood, A: Lexisnexis Orders/service. Gooley, J., Radan, P. and Vickovich, I. (2007).Principles of Australian contract law. Chatswood, NSW: LexisNexis Butterworths. Parsons, E. and Bauer, A. (2012).An introduction to marine mammal biology and conservation. Burlington, Mass.: Jones Bartlett Learning. Turner, C. and Trone, J. (2013).Australian commercial law. Sydney: Lawbook Co.

2016 TOEIC Registration and Test Dates

2016 TOEIC Registration and Test Dates 2016 TOEIC Listening and Reading Registration Basics If youre ready to take the TOEIC Listening and Reading, (youve read the documents listed below, practiced and prepared) then you have to register before you can take this 2.5 hour exam. The TOEIC is your key to the future in many cases, so you better read up on these important TOEIC registration facts before you decide to take the plunge.   2016 TOEIC Registration Details You can complete your TOEIC registration online or by filling out a form and mailing it to: In the U.S.: TOEIC ® Services America, 1425 Lower Ferry Road, Ewing, NJ 08618 In Puerto Rico: ETS Puerto Rico Office 250 Muà ±oz Rivera Avenue, American International Plaza, Hato Rey, PR 00918 For the TOEIC Listening and Reading test, there is no walk-in or standby registration, so be sure to register on time so you dont miss your spot. The deadline to register for a public testing session is always on the Thursday one week before the test at, 5 p.m., Eastern Time. If, for example, youre interested in testing on December 10, 2016, then your registration deadline is on Thursday, December 1.   TOEIC Fees: If you take the TOEIC at a public testing center in the U.S., the price is $75 if youd like your scores sent somewhere within the US. If youd like your scores sent outside of the US, the price is $80. If the test is given by your company or organization, the price is set by them so contact your supervisor for pricing info. Fees vary for test-takers outside the U.S. Changed your mind? Dont want to take the TOEIC and want your money back? Refunds are not given if you cancel your test for any reason, unless the test is canceled by the administrators because of low enrollment. So decide ahead of time the best month to take your exam so you dont lose out on the cash because youve had a change of heart.   2016 TOIEC Listening and Reading Test Dates in the U.S. Taking the TOEIC outside of the United States? Youll need to contact your local ETS Preferred Network Office  to find your local administrations. US testers, here are your test dates: January 16, 2016February 13, 2016March 12, 2016April 9, 2016May 14, 2016June 11, 2016July 9, 2016August 13, 2016September 10, 2016October 8, 2016November 12, 2016December 10, 2016    TOEIC Test Centers: There are a few public TOEIC testing centers across the U.S., but not every state has one and many states only have one or two. In California, for example, there are fifteen testing centers, but New York only has three and Colorado only has one test center. Depending on where you live, you may be driving, or even flying, a while. Across the globe not every country has a public testing center, either, so if youd like to register for the TOEIC, but a center isnt located near you, you can request information from ETS to help you find a way to take the exam near you. Complete your TOEIC Registration Now Must Read Documents Before You Complete Your TOEIC Registration: TOEIC 101 Write a Great TOEIC EssayHow to Make an InferenceHow to Find the Main IdeaHow to Understand Vocabulary Words in Context

Whats SAT Superscore How Does It Help You

What's SAT Superscore How Does It Help You SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Imagine you take the SAT in the fall of junior year and get an awesome Reading score. Your math, unfortunately, is not so great. To bring it up, you study for the next few months and retake the SAT in the spring. Your math score shoots way up, but your Reading actually decreases from what you got in the fall. What do you do?! Luckily, most colleges have a policy of "superscoring" the SAT, or taking your highest section scores across all dates you took the SAT. Let's break down exactly what superscoring is, why schools do it, and what this means for your SAT game plan. What is SAT Superscoring? Superscoring is the policy by which admissions officers consider your highest section scores from any test date you took the SAT. If you takethe SAT more than once, then schools that SAT superscore will take your highest Critical Reading score, highest Math score, and highest Writing score. Added together, these scores could potentially add up to a much higher total than what you geton any one sitting. Consider this example, where you took the SAT three times. On Test 1, you score highly on Reading. You get a strong Math score on Test 2 and a strong Writing scoreon Test 3. On each individual setting, your composite score is a 1500. But when you superscore? That composite jumps up600 pointsto an impressive 2100! Section Reading Math Writing Composite Test 1 700 400 400 1500 Test 2 400 700 400 1500 Test 3 400 400 700 1500 Superscore 700 700 700 2100 While this is a somewhat extreme example, you can see how this policy could definitely work in your favor, as well as take some of the pressure off any one test. So if you know your colleges will superscore your SAT scores, how can you use this policy to your advantage? Why Superscoring Matters to You If your colleges superscore your SAT results, then you don't have to worry about one section score decreasing while another one goes up. Instead, your highest section scores will be valid and will be used when admissions officersconsider your application. This can take off pressure and stress when you take the SAT, plus it's another reason why taking the SAT more than once is a good idea. Students almost always improve their scores when they retake the SAT, especially if they take the time between tests to do serious, focused test prep. If you know that your colleges will superscore your results, then you could potentially "superscore" your own test. In other words, you could focus intensively on one section at a time. You could devote most of your energies to scoring a great math score on one test date, to Reading on another, and to Writing on the third, for example. This could help space out your studying over time and build up a strong SAT superscore across all the dates you choose to take the test. Not all students have the time or means to take this approach, and it's definitely not the only way to be strategic about taking the SAT. This policy can be helpful, especially for students who benefit from focusing on one section at a time, but you also want to proceed with caution. I still recommend taking every test seriously. You wouldn't want to completely skip a section, as huge fluctuations could still look strange to admissions officers, not to mention raise red flags to College Board scorers. Plus it would just throw off your whole pacing while taking the test. Building up your composite score section by section can be a useful, strategic approach to gaining strong SAT scores for your college applications. Just make sure you're going about it in a thoughtful and advantageous way. Of course, you also have to make sure your colleges have this policy of superscoring the SAT. Which Colleges Superscore the SAT? Many schools offer SAT superscore, but not all of them. Some schools will look at your highest sitting, while others don't publicize their policies and simply encourage you to send all your scores. Make sure to research your schools' policies before incorporating superscoring into your SAT strategy. Some popular colleges that SAT superscore are Boston College, Boston University, Columbia, Georgetown, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, MIT, Princeton, University of Chicago, and the University of Connecticut. Cornell and Stanford, on the other hand, are two schools that are vague about their policies, but want you to send all your SAT scores. If schools don't superscore and don't state a "send all scores" policy, then you might want to consider using Score Choice. This option allows you to choose which score reports to send to your colleges, allowing you to leave one or more out if it haslow scores. Ideally, your schools will superscore your results, as this makes sending your score reports easier and works in your favor. So why do schools look at your SAT scores in this way? Are they just doing it to be nice? Why Do Schools Superscore the SAT? Why do colleges have this helpful policy in place? According to Columbia admissions, they're doing their part to reduce test-taking stress. They say, "We are always seeking to give students the greatest opportunity to showcase their academic talents and hoping to make the testing experience as stress-free as possible." MIT's reasoning is along similar lines: "We do this in order to consider all applicants in their best light." This policy certainly accomplishes these goals, but it likelyalso benefits the colleges along with thestudents. By showing that their accepted students have higher SAT scores, colleges can improve their rankings. Thus superscoring the SAT is beneficial all around. It helps a lot of students show higher SAT scores to schools, and it helps schools show that their students are highly achieving on the SAT. Win-win. Takeaways About SAT Superscoring If you're planning to take the SAT more than once, then superscoring is a beneficial policy. If your scores have ups and downs across different dates, then your schools will just look at your highest section scores. Even if they don't, knowing that your schools superscore can take the pressure off of each test date. You may incorporate this policy into your test prep strategy, if you have the time and means to do so. By studying intensively for one section at a time, you can build up your overall SAT scores over time. Make sure you research the standardized test policies of your colleges well in advance of applications. If they superscore, then you can take the SAT on various dates throughout high school with a very specific section target score in mind each time. In this way, you can use SAT superscoring to maximize your composite scoreand present a stellar SAT score on your college applications. What's Next? Did you know that schools are increasingly adapting test flexible and test optional policies? Some will accept AP or SAT Subject Tests in lieu of the SAT, while others don't require standardized testing at all. Check out the full list of schools who have eliminated the SAT/ACT completely in the application process. Are you planning to take the redesigned SAT in 2016? Read our full guide that details the changes and how you can adjust your prep to get ready for the redesign. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example 130). In order to successfully develop a new venture, and to keep an existing one going on, there is a requirement to identify viable opportunities. For finding such opportunities a person has to go out of the way in his search and completely focus on a particular market to understand its needs and then meet them. This process of searching for something in the market has to be persistent and consistent. The market needs change continuously and yesterday’s opportunities can be lost. Competition is everywhere; businesses develop to meet the needs of the market and provide new and/or better products which are more in terns with the demand of the market. We cannot prevent this change; it is inevitable and it threatens the existing businesses. If the businesses are not active and are unable to continuously keep up with the new and emerging needs of the market will always fail at one point or the other and this is not the sign of a successful business. This is what the difference is between an entrepreneurship and a business – an entrepreneurship does not fail and keeps coming up with novel ideas to keep up with competition. An entrepreneur is the mastermind behind such a successful business. It is the efforts of an entrepreneur, his creative thinking and his ability to capture every opportunity and make it a success that makes a business an entrepreneurship. Although the market needs keep changing continuously some businesses consider this a pain in the neck and it is difficult for them to keep up with the demand changes. Some others take this as an opportunity and thinking creatively, grab the situation and profit out of it. That is an entrepreneur. The difference between a businessman and an entrepreneur is that the latter finds out the opportunities available and cashes them out. The process of entrepreneurship involves recognising opportunities, gathering the resources and considering the risks while going after profits. In an entrepreneurship oppo rtunities are perceived in places where others would find risks and threats; change is sought and found where everything still seems the same; an under-served market is identified where their needs are not being met completely, while others find only satisfied customers. In order to seize such opportunities a businessman needs to have a deep insight into the market matters. He needs to be able to think creatively and make decisions taking into consideration the pros and cons of the opportunities. He needs to be able to take risks in order to delve into any opportunity. He needs to understand that risks are inevitable and either one can sit in his own bubble and avoid every opportunity wherein he does not see profits, or he can step forward, take risks and make a name. It can be said that successful entrepreneurs have certain traits that do not exist in other common businessmen. These traits are what set them apart from others. The most important being the ability and willingness to take risks, as without that a business cannot expand. They have to have this courage. However, it is difficult to enumerate all such characteristics as it is not necessary that one successful entrepreneur has everything in common with another. Besides, the traits may also vary between the different

Hurricane Katrina and African-American Society Essay

Hurricane Katrina and African-American Society - Essay Example In the days that followed, the death toll due to the storm would rise to one thousand eight hundred and thirty-three people, 1577 of that number in Louisiana, with hundreds still unaccounted for (CNN). Even though the water was pumped out of the city within four days, thousands were left homeless and abandoned in the wreckage of the city. The survivors of the storm and flood made their way through the remnants of New Orleans to the Superdome. What was previously the home of the New Orleans Saints became home to thousands of refugees awaiting government aid that fell far short of expectations. Survivors were abandoned for days as they waited for aid that wouldn't come fast enough. The world watched helplessly as graphic images of people begging for assistance, of people dying in the streets filled television screens urging them to act, to help bring relief to those affected by this senseless catastrophe. The end result was just as horrifying as the uncensored images displayed which both brought world-wide attention to the nightmarish circumstances facing the survivors and exploited them for those who would take advantage of the disastrous situation (Hartman, Chester; Spires, Gregory). There were plenty of people waiting in the wings to capitalize on the devastation surrounding the survivors of the storm. The total dam age has been estimated at $125 billion (CNN). When our ownWhen our own government wouldn't step up to the challenge, other groups stepped in to raise funds for those displaced by the storm and subsequent flooding. Some of these were legitimate non-profit groups whose only interest was to try and help, such as the Red Cross and the Salvation Army who brought food, water, clothing and volunteers to the area. Others were scam artists and large corporations who took the opportunity to profit from the devastation and take advantage of those who required assistance most. The United States government made no preparations for those that depended on public transportation just to get around the city, for those sick, invalid, or financially unable to leave on their own merit in the days leading up to Katrina (Brookings Institution). Even after the storm passed and the National Guard made their way into the devastation of New Orleans, they brought few supplies for those trapped inside the city, were even instructed to not distribute their own water and supplies to those crying out for help (Hartman, Chester; Spires, Gregory). Survivors were left in the ill-equipped Superdome as the government feared the spread of disease from those who had been forced to live in the fetid waters flooding the city. When they finally were brought supplies from the government, refugees were given boxes containing the vaccine for SARS (Hartman, Chester; Spires, Gregory). The lack of real response to the poorer, African-American population on the behalf of our government is a point of contention worth a deeper examination. The most recent numbers from the government show a total federal infusion of one hundred and twenty-six billion dollars into the Gulf area for rebuilding. Of that amount, one hundred and one billion has either been dispersed or is available for the affected states' governments to draw on (White House). President Bush has committed the federal government to allowing the state of Louisiana a thirty year period to repay their segment of

Max Webers Concepts Of Social Behaviour

Max Webers Concepts Of Social Behaviour Since the Enlightenment, social scientists tried to use philosophical concepts to understand the social world, and one of the concepts is epistemology which means the study of knowledge. Above this, there are two distinct approaches, positivism and interpretivism. The first one focuses on objective knowledge, as universal truth of the social world, that is to say knowledge be gained through observation. The modern academic discipline of sociology began with the studying of Emile Durkheim, who is an extremely important French sociologist and the founding father of positivism. He pointed out the social sciences are a logical extension of the natural sciences into the land of human behavior, and insisted that they may keep the same objectivity, rationalism, and approach to causality(Wacquant, 1992). The other approach called interpretivism, which is also known as antipositivism. In contrast to positivism, interpretivism focuses on subjective knowledge, it means that knowledge is built i n the mind, and affected by personal experience. In addition, studying humans subjective experiences may cause the obtainment of knowledge. Max Weber was a key proponent of interpretivism, arguing for the study of social action through interpretive ways, based on understanding the purpose and meaning that individuals attach to their own actions (Macionis, 2012). Above these two founding fathers of sociology, the theories and methods are relatively different. Therefore, this essay will account the comparison and contact about their theories and methods to make a better understanding. Finally, there are four sections in this paper, section one and two will describe the detailed theories and methods supported by Durkheim and Weber respectively. The comparisons and the contacts will in section 3. Emile Durkheims theory and method Auguste Comte effectively sought to extend and apply the scientific method found in the natural sciences to the social sciences, this sociological positivism influence on Durkheims thought (Calhoun, 2002). According to Comte, two of theories are developed by Durkheim which are social fact and suicide method. 2.1 Social Fact A social fact is every way of acting, fixed or not, capable of exercising on the individual an external constraint; or again, every way of acting which is general throughout a given society, while at the same time existing in its own right independent of its individual manifestations(Durkheim, 1895, pp.13). For Durkheim, sociology was the science of social facts. By definition, social fact is that social structures that exist independently of the individual. In this theory, the key point is social structures which include institutions, traditions and beliefs, and patterns of behavior (Dictionary of the Social Sciences). Durkheims work around this, and argued that a social fact must be sought among the antecedent social facts and not among the states of the individual consciousness (Durkheim, 1895, pp.13). That is to say, social fact is an independent existence greater and more objective than the activities of the individuals that combine society. Though such study, sociology could de termine whether a given society is healthy or pathological, and seek social reform to negate organic breakdown. In his study social fact is not equal to social phenomenon, the studying of social phenomenon is not a persons subjective activity, but it is a kind of objective existence, and the social fact once happens, it will affect the individuals in society. 2.2 Suicide method Durkheim also attempted to find out whether human behavior was caused by social structures, rather than an individuals mental formal. Among his researches, his seminal monograph, Suicide (1897), was published. In Suicide (1897), Durkheim explores the different suicide rates among Protestants and Catholics, discussing that stronger social control like Catholics lead to lower suicide rates. As Durkheims researcher, Catholic society has normal levels while Protestant society has low levels. Overall, suicide rates are not caused by non-social factors, such as race, genetics, mental disorder, climate, season of the year, in addition, suicide rates are caused by social factors, such as religious faith, marital status, employment, and sudden change in income (Calhoun, 2002). Thus Durkheim treated suicide as a social fact, explaining there are such things as social facts that influence an individuals behaviour. In Durkheims though, suicide is not only the collection of personal behavior, it has the feature model of this phenomenon. In spirit of its limitations, Durkheims studying on suicide has influenced supporters of control theory, also it is often supposed as a classic sociological study. The theory founded modern positivism and served to decide social science from psychology and political philosophy (Poggi, 2000). 2.3 Method using With positivism, social scientists started to import or borrow views, assumptions and methods of research from physics, chemistry, and particularly anatomy. In the methodology, Durkheim also developed the functional analysis of sociological research principles. In his book, Rules of the Sociological Method (1895), when a society is unchanging it could be affirmed as being healthy and normal; when a society is in opposition it could be understood as abnormal. This description is similar as anatomy, when all the structures in the body are healthy, the body is healthy and normal; when one organ does not work, the whole body is affected and its behaviour is abnormal. In addition, researchers would need to exclude the emotional factors, moral judgment, and prejudices interference, and stand on the standpoint of neutrality. From the social fact with stability, the description of the phenomenon is scientific (Allan, 2005). Max Webers theory and method Different from Durkheim, the key theory is called Verstehen which is the interpretive understanding of social action, and though this studying, ideal types is the main method Weber used. 3.1 Verstehen Verstehen is a German word; in general it is in the situation of German philosophy and social sciences. Verstehen involves an understanding of what someone is thinking, which needs an understanding of the culture that individuals live in. Weber thought of sociology as a science of social behavior. He believed that studying why individuals do the things they do is the basic foundation of sociology, this is the concept he termed Verstehen. In addition, He argued that sociologists should not just study a group of people but also try to improve an empathetic understanding for the individuals in that group (Udehn, 2001). There is a phrase which is put yourself in his shoes. This is the same as what Verstehen describe: developing an understanding of social action from the insiders point of view in order to better understand the exchanges within a group and the groups determination. This, in turn, helps to describe how groups of people make sense of the world around them, how they fit into society as a whole, and how theyve helped society evolve over time(Udehn, 2001). Weber put value to understanding and meaning of key elements not just with perception or consideration with the individual but also the creation of systematic and rigorous research. The aim is to identify human behavior and understanding them as observable events leading us to believe that it not only delivers for a great explanation for human behavior but also for group interactions. The meaning attached needs to include constraints and limitations and analyze the motivation for action. Weber thought that this gives the sociologist a benefit above a natural scientist because We can accomplish something which is never attainable in the natural sciences, namely the subjective understanding of the action of the component individuals (Weber, 1968, p. 15). 3.2 Method using One of the methods Weber used to study his objects of analysis was ideal types. It means an abstract summary of the common features of complex social phenomena. For Weber, one of many subjective basics which certainly discriminate sociology from natural science is social science depends on the construction of hypothetical concepts in the abstract. Therefore, ideal type is a subjective division in social theory. Weber wrote: An ideal type is formed by the one-sided accentuation of one or more points of view and by the synthesis of a great many diffuse, discrete, more or less present and occasionally absent concrete individual phenomena, which are arranged according to those one-sidedly emphasized viewpoints into a unified analytical construct (Shils Finch, 1997).While opposition supporters of the ideal type including normal type theory supporters. Some sociologists consider that, ideal type more prone to extreme phenomena and ignore the connection, it is difficult to display how the v arieties and the elements into the whole social system theory. The comparisons and the contacts On the basis of theoretical background and the logical starting point, Durkheim and Weber inherited and developed the traditional social theory of two methods in the study: positivism and interpretivism, and laid the basic methodology character for future generations of sociological research. Durkheim treated social facts as its research objection of sociology. Compared to Webers social action, is the macro level. From this point Durkheims theory of society is existent, while Webb argues that only individuals exist, only explain the understanding of human social action, understand the meaning behind, and finally makes a causal explanation. This is the whole process of sociological research. Durkheims sociology theory is positivism. It used the objectivity of social facts as the object of study, and thought society and nature are identical in nature. As the objective necessity of domination, society and natural phenomena are the same, which determines its research methods must be used the empirical research method in the natural sciences, through observation, such as experiments, comparisons, and test methods (Durkheim, 1895, pp.13). Webers sociological understanding to social action is same as the research object, and argued that the method of natural science in special effect is difficult to apply social science research, it cannot explain human behavior with subjective meaning hidden behind the value and significance (Weber, 1968, p. 15). Weber thought that researchers should focus on experience, at the same time, putting on the same subject to each others as their own thinking and evaluation, its distinctive feature is the emotion in the thinking object and thinking process input. Therefore, researchers make a reasonable explanation about social fact though changing the role the subjective motives of others social action. But the study method of Weber and Durkheims theory still has something in common. In a sense, Weber thought methods in social science research should establish the ideal type (Shils Finch, 1997). He realized that the research object of social science has unique characteristics and subjective, and if researchers want to keep the absolute objectivity is not an easy job. Ideal type refers to a series concept system in sociological research in which scholars generally recognized and accepted, so that it can reduce or even avoid the sociological study of arbitrariness and disunity. Researchers in research processes must keep value objectively themselves, and eliminate their additional influence and intervention on the object of study. Similarly, Durkheim also emphasized that the fact more important than the conception; the existence precedes the essence; and observation of the phenomenon should be eliminated the subjective emotion (Allan, 2005).. Above all, the social fact and social action are two different sized concepts, which can be said a relationship between containing and being contained. That is to say, Webers social action is more specific than Durkheims social fact .Because social facts and macroscopic reasons, Durkheim research object in the theory of sociology is the objective existence. But Webers social science research should be specific, individual existence, it will be in the society of human action as the research object, to explain the understanding of it, and to know the secret the hidden behind the specific social action, in order to make the causality of the final paper. Weber also will provide two major tasks of sociology as the explanatory understanding and causality of social action description. In this way, the two major factions in social science research positivism and interpretivism, make differences between increasingly bigger, thus it caused the contradiction between both sides. Conclusion In conclusion, this essay described and analyzed Durkheims and Webers theories and methods. Both of them played important roles in social science history, and they have big influence on social science. Their theories and methods are researched and used by many scholars. After comparison, it could be seen that their ideas about social science are quite different. Durkheims theories based on positivism. It used the objectivity of social facts as the object of study, and thought society and nature are identical in nature. Durkheim thought that structures that exist independently of the individual. Webers theories based on individuals existence, he only explained the understanding of human social action, understood the meaning behind, and finally made a causal explanation. Weber thought that verstehen involves an understanding of what someone is thinking, which needs an understanding of the culture that person lives in. But, the contrast of their ideas is that the study method of Weber and Durkheims theory still has something in common. The difference of social research methods found by the two fathers cannot say which one is better, because both of them in the field of social science had gained the success that attracted worldwide attention, and each method found a reasonable breakthrough for sociological research. Because of this differences, which makes the social science research shows a kind of mutual opposition and mutual encouragement and supplement of the state. Society science research is infinite in the future, each historical giant higher later is through the shoulders of giants before. But social science research is still arduous task, social scientist should summarize the experience of the former step by step, in order to continuous the development and progress of science which is a heavy and meaningful subject to society.

Empirical Literature Article Review of Leadership Ethics Essay

The opportunity to evaluate original research serves as one of the many foundations to both scholarly writing and research (Grand Canyon University, 2013). Therefore, to enhance this process I will critique empirical research articles for the purpose of demonstrating the effectiveness in understanding leadership ethics. So, using the literature presented within in the works of â€Å"Predictors of Ethical Code Use and Ethical Tolerance in the Public Sector† by Neal Ashkanasy, Sarah Falkus, and Victor Callan along with â€Å"Advancing Ethics in Public Organizations: The Impact of an Ethics Program on Employees’ Perceptions and Behaviors in a Regional Council† by Itai Beeri, Rachel Dayan, Eran Vigoda-Gadot, and Simcha Werner, and finally, â€Å" An Empirical Study of Leader Ethical Values, Transformational and Transactional Leadership, and Follower Attitudes Toward Corporate Social Responsibility† by Kevin Groves and Michael LaRocca comparisons will be made on the relevance and need for research purposes. In comparison, the authors of each study utilize ethical behaviors for the purpose of comparing relationships, perceptions, and beliefs associated with measures of ethical practice. Furthermore, reasonable justification for conducting the research presented in each study is outlined as evidence from the posed research questions and is validated within the results of each piece of literature reviewed. Posed Research Questions Relating the Authors in the Comparison Similarly, the literature within each study focused on ethical practice and how it used to enhance behavior of individuals within organizations. However, assertions within the scope of the posed research questions present relevant generalizations for each study. For example, Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callan (2000) focused on variables that formulated predictive roles of organizational, individual, group, and contextual levels for utilizing formal codes of conduct. These variables were developed to serve as predictors of ethical tolerance as a result of formal code use. Whereas, organizational commitment (OC), organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and quality of work life (QWL) are the basis in which Beeri, Dayan, Vigoda-Gadot, and Werner (2013) perceive positive relationships are built as ethical resources are generated. Hence, these three areas promote awareness of ethical leadership and decision making in addition to the ethics code. Further, Groves and LaRocca (2011) incorporate the notion of corporate social responsibility by modeling both transformational and transactional leadership styles. Here, the idea is leaders with deontological values of ethics will be perceived as modeling transformational leadership, while leaders with teleological values of ethics are perceived as modeling transactional leadership (Groves et al. , 2011). Although each study assessed various ethical practices, each displays similarities in presenting study results as a means of validating posed questions of research. Sample Populations The results recorded from evaluations used in the sample populations’ highlighted evidence relevant to that of measures needed to verify theory associated with ethical practice. Hence, each study presented the results through a form of statistical analysis in which various test groups within the field of research were used. Moreover, similar methods were incorporated to assess the results of the respondents within all three studies. Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callan’s Approach This evaluation involved mailed questionnaires to public sector employees in one State of Australia. The principal method of conducting this study was based on hierarchical regression, and addressed several factors such as: demographic measures, personal ethical values and attitudes, context and group-level variables, and organizational practices (pg. 245, 2000). Given the basis of evidence Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callan (2000) used this method of analysis to assert that ethical decisions are more likely to be influenced by employees, versus the effect of group and individual variables. Beeri, Dayan, Vigoda-Gadot, and Werner’s Approach In lieu of the goal to test the relationships between ethics and performance within governments locally, Beeri et al. , (2013) used questionnaires to evaluate the long term effects of an ethics program on employees’ perceptions, and the behavior in one council of an Israeli region. This as a result, stems from awareness of ethical codes, and inclusion of employees in the ethical decision making process. Groves and LaRocca’s Approach Groves and LaRocca (2011) utilized voluntary community-based leadership programs that targeted educational values on ethics. The leaders of these community based programs were emailed a link with instructions for participation with an online questionnaire. The assumption here was that training on both transformational and transactional leadership, in addition to ethical decision making and CSR would now be implemented. Results Analysis All in all, the results displayed by the analysis of each study correspond to the overall effort of the posed research. For example, supported results aligned with study hypotheses, but signified that certain mechanisms underlie the criterion for each of the tested variables on different levels according to Ashkanasy, Falkus, and Callan (2000). Whereas, Beeri et al. , (2013) report a greater awareness in ethical codes and decision making along with increased organizational commitment is achieved as a result of positive ethical leadership. And finally, Groves and LaRocca (2011) correlated their findings with the original prediction that transformational leadership alone was aligned with the beliefs of followers in view of the corporate social responsibility of stakeholders. Conclusion Study Limitations of Articles To fully appreciate the level of understanding needed to evaluate literature of empirical research, a description of the methodology, research questions and an analysis of results must be presented to determine the validity of the overall analysis. And as such, each study discussed within the contents of this paper has been successful in delivering on all areas to support research efforts. However, there were areas that pose limitations to future research efforts for all three studies. For example, the use of questionnaires may not represent a true assessment of the respondent’s beliefs (Ashkanasy et al. , 2000). Also, issues surrounding anonymity can urface when responding to questions concerning ethical climate (Beeri et al. , 2013). And further, influences set by both common source and common method can stimulate bias in lieu of follower values of CSR (Groves & LaRocca, 2011). For future development of the practice The results yield an overall influence within organizations that build on variables to increase ethical standards. However, there are yet underlying issues for democratic organizations that stress the importance of ethics, integrity, and fairness (Beeri et al. , 2013). And recommendations for further study are necessary to promote the continuous effort of influencing follower perceptions toward ethical commitments.

Cultural Diversity in Nursing Essay

Introduction Cultural diversity in nursing is concept that is derived from nursing and other cross-cultural health-related disciplines such as psychology, sociology and anthropology. Culture is simply used to refer to the belief systems held by groups of people in the society. Therefore, cultural diversity is defined as, â€Å"the differences between people based on a shared ideology and valued set of beliefs, norms, customs, and meanings evidenced in a way of life† (Lowe & Archibald, 2009). Culture influences individual’s behavior, perceptions and also interpretations. Therefore, integrating culture in healthcare is critical. This is in efforts to create a healthcare system that is sensitive to the needs of patients. For that reason, this essay focuses on cultural diversity in nursing by looking at the background of the issue, current trends, significance to nursing profession, controversies and strategies for dealing with cultural diversity. Background and Historical Development of Cultural Diversity in Nursing As defined earlier, cultural diversity refers to, â€Å"the differences between people based on a shared ideology and valued set of beliefs, norms, customs, and meanings evidenced in a way of life† (Lowe & Archibald, 2009). In the healthcare system, there are people from different cultural groups. For instance, we have people from different racial groups, ethnicity, tribe, religion and so forth. This includes both the providers and the patients. To a great extent, our culture defines our practice. The concept of cultural diversity in nursing was first established in 1955 by Madeleine Leininger, one of the pioneers of transcultural nursing. As an area of knowledge, cultural diversity in nursing, also known as transcultural nursing, was aimed at equipping nurses with knowledge that  will help them in delivering culturally appropriate nursing care (Lowe & Archibald, 2009). Madeleine Leininger believed in the diversity and universality of cultural care. For that reason, he established transcultural nursing from the year 1955 to 1975. Madeleine refined the concept of transcultural nursing through the â€Å"sunrise model†. The expansion of the concept continued even after 1975 to present. In 1966, the University of Colorado started transcultural nursing courses. The concept was later established internationally in 1983 (Lowe & Archibald, 2009). Current Trends in Cultural Diversity Currently, there are several issues trending in regard to cultural diversity. Among them is the slow and episodic movement towards cultural diversity in nursing. According to Lowe and Archibald (2009) in the article entitled, â€Å"cultural diversity: The intention of nursing,† the nursing profession was since the introduction of cultural diversity in 1986 focused on provision of cultural-sensitive care. The authors express their concern that despite the continued cultural growth witnessed in the country, the same does not reciprocate inn nursing. The progress in nursing towards creating cultural diversity in nursing has been slow and episodic. Hence, there is need to put efforts in order to expand cultural-sensitive practices in nursing. Another trending issue in respect to creation of a cultural diversified healthcare system is promotion of diversity. According to Pilkington, Singh, Prescod and Buettgen (2013) youth mentorship provides an important avenue for promoting cultural diversity. Through mentoring the youth, they will be equipped with relevant knowledge regarding diversity which will result in creation of a society which embraces diversity. Significance of Cultural Diversity Cultural diversity is a crucial concept in healthcare. Our current society is made of people from different ethnic, racial, religious and tribal groups. All these groups have their own culture. It is worth to mention that our culture affects how we interpret information, our perceptions and even  behavior. These aspects of culture make it important in nursing practice. The patient is always the center focus of care. Hence, the nurse is required to be sensitive to the needs of the patient. It is only through consideration of patient needs that the nurse is capable of establishing a strong therapeutic relationship with the patient. Establishing a strong relationship of trust with patients is important in involving the patients fully in their care (Pilkington, Singh, Prescod & Buettgen, 2013). Among the needs of patients are the spiritual needs. Nurses in some cases will handle patients from different faiths. Under such cases, the nurse might not be aware of some of the spiritual needs of these patients. For instance, let us take a Christian nurse and a Muslim patient. Muslims are supposed to pray five times in a day, and cleanse themselves with water every time they visit a washroom. The failure of the nurse to identify such things may hinder creation of trust between the nurse and the patient. In other words, the nurse will fail to deliver culturally-competent care (Lowe & Archibald, 2009). Therefore, providing culturally competent care is important in efforts to increase patient satisfaction, which translates to improved patient outcomes which signify improvement in quality of nursing care. Impact of Cultural Diversity in Nursing Profession The issue of cultural diversity greatly influences nursing profession and professional nursing practice. Nursing as a profession has for many years struggled to be seen as a field which is aimed at providing optimal care to the public. The profession is determined to be viewed in the light of universality, meaning it embraces people from all cultures. Therefore, by integrating cultural diversity, nursing profession will be recognized and respected in all parts of the world (Lowe & Archibald, 2009). In the nursing practice, cultural diversity is paramount. Every healthcare facility and provider is determined to provide patient-centered care. This is due to the fact that among the six goals of healthcare is provision of  patient-centered care. In order to provide patient-centered care, it is important to understand all the needs of the patient. This includes the culture. The nurse should understand what food the patient takes or does not take his or her beliefs and dressing style, among others. By doing so, the nurse will gain the trust from the patient which is important in the care. Eventually, the patient is satisfied with the quality of care which results in improved patient outcomes (Pilkington, Singh, Prescod & Buettgen, 2013). Controversies Related to Nursing Despite the benefits associated with integration of cultural diversity in healthcare, there are some areas of this concept that have brought about some controversies. Some cultural beliefs or practice are in contrary with the goals of healthcare. For instance, there are some people based on their faith who refuse to take any medication or seek conventional treatment. Hence, under such cases there is a controversy on which way to handle the situation (Pilkington, Singh, Prescod & Buettgen, 2013). The other area of controversy is extreme faiths held by some people. In some cultures, some behaviors such as undressing before someone of opposite sex are considered immoral. Hence, when a nurse from an opposite gender s handling such a patient, there is always some controversy. Enhancing Cultural Diversity in Nursing As noted, cultural diversity is critical in nursing practice. Therefore, there is need to embrace this concept. In order to improve the progress towards establishing cultural competence in nursing, it is important to introduce courses on cultural diversity in nurse training curriculum (Pilkington, Singh, Prescod & Buettgen, 2013). Another way of promoting cultural diversity in nursing is through training nurses on the importance having diversity at workplace. In addition, recruitment of nurses from different cultures will help in enhancing diversity in nursing. My Position Personally, I support the establishment of cultural diversity in nursing. My  position is based on the benefits associated with establishment of this concept. Hence, enhancing cultural diversity is crucial in improving the quality of care (Pilkington, Singh, Prescod & Buettgen, 2013). Conclusion In conclusion, cultural diversity refers to â€Å"the differences between people based on a shared ideology and valued set of beliefs, norms, customs, and meanings evidenced in a way of life (Lowe & Archibald, 2009).† Cultural diversity in nursing is important in improving the quality of care. The concept of transcultural nursing was established in 1955 by Madeleine Leininger (Lowe & Archibald, 2009). American Nurses Association adopted the concept of cultural diversity in 1986. Currently, the progress of nursing profession towards establishment of culturally competent care is trending. Establishing a culturally competent nursing care is an important milestone in improving quality of care. References Lowe, J. & Archibald C. (2009).Cultural diversity: The intention of nursing. Nursing Forum Volume 44, No. 1. Pilkington, F., Singh, D., Prescod C. & Buettgen, A. (2013). Inclusive Mosaic: Promoting Diversity in Nursing through Youth Mentorship. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship Vol. 10(1): 1–10

Quotes of Encouragement for Women

Fight off the feeling of helplessness. You are a woman! You have the power to create, nurture, and mold. Your voice may be soft, but it carries a sense of determination. Your shoulders may be delicate, but they can carry the burden of a family with ease. Dont underestimate your strengths and abilities. When the time is right, you can prove your mettle to the world. Quotes of Encouragement for Women Read these encouraging quotes for women and learn to believe in yourself. These quotes can help you overcome any challenge that hinders your growth. St. Teresa of AvilaHowever softly we speak, God is near enough to hear us. Anais NinThere came a time when the risk to remain tight in the bud was more painful than the risk it took to blossom. Havelock EllisCharm is a womans strength just as strength is a mans charm. Indira GandhiPeople with clenched fists can not shake hands. Alice WalkerThe most common way people give up their power is by thinking they dont have any. Anais NinDreams are necessary to life. Pearl BaileyPeople see God every day. They just dont recognize him. Diane MariechildA woman is the full circle. Within her is the power to create, nurture and transform. Grandma MosesLife is what we make it, always has been, always will be. Edgar Watson HoweA man has his clothes made to fit him; a woman makes herself fit her clothes.